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• Professor, Graduate Program in Health Management

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Statistical analysis the statistical analysis done by using GraphPad Prism7 software pain medication for dogs dosage purchase trihexyphenidyl 2 mg overnight delivery. Mean and standard deviation in addition to median and 25-75 confidence interval for numerical data pediatric pain treatment guidelines order 2 mg trihexyphenidyl otc. Otherwise,many of these records lack the validity due to non-representative sample size or dealing with responsiveness to treatment. Genotypes 1 and 3 are the most common genotypes in India, Nepal, and Pakistan, and there are large expatriate populations from these countries in the Arabian Gulf region 39 like Bahrain 28 and Dubai 2, Oman 4 it was reported that the higher rate was genotype 1 and 3. In our data, only one case have been classified to be caused by genotype 5a which is rarely reported in Punjab 3, Syria 11, Genotypes 5 and 6 were confined to South Africa and Southeast Asia. Of note, our data reported a highly statistically significant change of increasing distribution of genotype 1 over genotype 4 (table 2). This might be due to changing the source of infection from areas or population had have different genotype or high rate of immigrants during later years(18). Ethical Clearance: All experimental protocols were approved under the Department of Pharmacy, Al Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq and all experiments were carried out in accordance with approved guidelines. Genotype, viral load and age as independent predictors of treatment outcome of interferon-alpha 2a treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Viral load and clinicopathological features of chronic hepatitis C (1b) in a homogeneous patient population. The Editorial Board of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International, 2015;14(3): 281­286. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah City, Babel, Iraq Abstract Objectives:(Investigation the cytotoxicity of total alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala L. This extract drop the viability of cells in b0th cell lines, the greatest reduction happened in the concentration 400 g/ml was 60. Intr0ducti0n 0ne 0f the m0st life threatening diseases 1is cancer and have many health in devel0ping represented by irregular pr0lifera. Thed healthd 1medicinal 1plants pr0viding av replacement space ofs 1drug analysis 2. Several of those agents have potent physiol0gical effects on mammalian systems 1moreover as different organisms, and as a consequence, some represent vital therapeutic agents 5. In fact, alkal0ids are among the most vital active parts in plants, and a few of those 1compounds have already been with success developed int0 therapy medication. The target of our study was to analyze the cytot0xic 1144 Medico-legal Update, January-March 2020, Vol. Materail and Meth0d Plants Collection Thei Peganum harmala seeds were collected from the cultural space in Babylon Province, Iraq, throughout March 2019. The seeds were ground and keep in air-light container to forestall the humidness impact and so hold on at room temperature till additional use. Extraction of total alkal0id Total alkaloids were extracted in keeping with Harborne 9. They driedd extractt wast weighd, 1and preservedi ini a cleann c0ntainer att four °C1 f0r furtheri investigati0n. Thei tests wast d0ne bye addingi 11-2 mll 0f thei reagentt t0 15 mll 0f plante extracte. Thei f0rmati0n 0f whitee 0r creemy precipitat indicatedi thei teste wast p0sitive 10. W til filly diss0lved andi s0, they s0lution wast dilutedi t0 1ooo mll withe DlW). Thise solution (1ml) wast transferredi t0 separat0r funnell andi washedd withe 10 mil chlorof0rm (3itimes). Thei mixturei wast shakeni andthe c0mplex wast extrctedd withe o1, o2, o3 1andi o4 mll chlorof0rm byiivig0r0us shakingg, they extracte wast theni coleceted ini a 110 mil 1volumetric flaske andi dilute. They abs0rbance ofthe c0mplex ine chlorof0rm wast messuredi att 1470 nmi1 againste blanke preparedi asi abovee bute withoute alkal0id (plante extracte) 14. They t0tal alkal0ids werer calculatedi dependingg they calibrationi curvei 0f iatropine. The abs0rbance of the complex in chlorof0rm was measured at 470 nm againstt blank prepared asi above but withoutt atropinee13. Thei percentagei viabilityy 0f cellsi exp0sed t00 vari0us treatmentss wasi calculatedd asi followst 15: Thei contr0l wasi thei n0n-treatedi culturesi ini alli experimentsi thatt c0ntained cellsi ini thei mediumi 0nly.

The organ that is the recipient of this radiate energy from the source organs is called a target organ joint pain treatment for dogs trihexyphenidyl 2mg. Self Dose Any one organ can be simultaneously designated as both a source and target organ pain medication for uti infection generic trihexyphenidyl 2mg overnight delivery. Sources and Targets (Self ­ Irradiation) Source and Targets ­ Cross Irradiation Sources and Targets (Combination) Absorbed Fraction the fraction of the energy emitted by source and deposited in the target is called the absorbed fraction (i). Absorbed Fraction ­ Example 1 Absorbed Fraction ­ Example 2 Absorbed Fraction ­ Example 3 Absorbed Fraction (continued) this depends on: · Type and energy of the radiation · Size, shape and composition of the source and target · Distance between source and target as well as the type of material separating them Cumulated Activity (Г) the Cumulated Activity is represented by the area under the time activity curve and has the dimensions of activity x time (uCi · hr) Cumulated Activity (cont) Activity Area under the curve Time Cumulated Activity (cont) in an organ h can be mathematically expressed as: ~ the cumulated activity (Ah) ~ Ah = Ah (t)dt 0 Cumulated Activity (cont) Measurement of radioactivity distribution and turnover within human tissues is a major task. Uptake by organ is instantaneous with removal by both physical decay and biologic excretion 4. Uptake by organ is not instantaneous Dose Equation Hence, the radiation energy emitted by the ~ A h) over the time source activity cumulated (interval of interest is given by: ~ Ah where is the total mean energy emitted per nuclear disintegration Dose Equation (cont. Hence the total dose equation summed over all sources is given by: D (rk) = D (rk rh) h Residence Time the concept of residence time (h) has also found to be useful to describe an organ into which the activity A0 is administered at time t = 0. Ao Activity Ah(t) h Time Residence Time the residence time in source organ h is defined as: ~ Ah h = A0 where A0 is the administered activity and Гh is the cumulated activity in organ h. Residence Time When uptake phase can be neglected and maximal source activity is Ah, h = 1. Practical Example this example illustrates a method for estimating absorbed dose to an organ from the biologic behavior of a radiopharmaceutical. Injected Tc - 99m sulfur colloid is deposited in the liver, which becomes the source organ. We will calculate the dose from the source organ to target organs, which include the self dose from the liver. Practical Example(cont) the dose from the source organ, liver, to itself as the target organ (self-dose) and to other organs of the body can be calculated from the basic equation: ~ D = A S = A0 S D A0 mean dose administered activity residence time S - Factor S Example ­ cont. Assume the injection of 1 mCi of Tc99 m sulfur colloid and that 85 % remains in the liver. Calculation of Residence Time Residence time is defined as: ~ where Ah is the cumulated activity in organ h, which is defined as the sum of the activity at each moment in time: ~ Ah h = A0. In this example, there is no biologic clearance from the liver, so b b = 0 Calculation of Residence Time (continued) Integration gives: Ah ~ - t Ah = Ah e dt = 0 From the physical half-life T1/2p of 6. For the liver: dose can now be D = A 0 S(liver liver) A0 = 1,000 µCi or (1 mCi) = 7. Physical Parameters (Depend on: S value) · nature of the radiations · their absorption characteristics · the anatomic model Summary (2/3) I. Methods for Computing Absorbed Dose from Non-Uniform Activity or Gradient Activity Distributions 1. Stabin Internal Sources: Kinetic Models Radiopharmaceuticals Kinetic Models Occupational Radionuclides Radionuclide Decay Data Specific Absorbed Fractions - Phantoms External Sources: External Source Configuration Dose Conversion Factors Radiation Dose Estimates and Distributions Linking of Radiation Doses to Biological Effects Announcement Seventh International Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry Symposium. To achieve appropriate treatment of disease through delivery of radiation dose to a tolerable cytotoxic level: 2. Early Use of Radionuclides in Therapy Radionuclide P-32 P-32 P-32 Sr-89 I-131 I-131 Disease Type Polycythemia Vera Lymphoproliferative Bone Pain Metastatic Cancer to Bone Hyperthyroidism Original/Early Use 1936 1938 1937 1941 1942 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 1944 (Remnant Ablation; Tumor/Metastases) I-131 Treatment of Thyroid Cancer or Ablation of Thyroid Remnants 1. Quantitative diagnostic work-up: 131I tracer to establish patient specific parameters. Maxon: 30,000 cGy (~81% control rate) Others: 25,000 to 100,000 cGy · Complications: - Short term: Bone marrow depression; Acute or chronic sialdentis; thyroid storm (rare). Establishing the Role for Dosimetry in Radionuclide Therapy Today Fundamental Questions for Consideration: For a specific disease, patient classification, and radionuclide therapy, should there be a standard treatment protocol? Fixed Ao with multiple readministration dependent upon patient response according to defined indicators. Ao determined by more extensive patient specific parameters including biokinetics and the desired radiation dose to be delivered. The Role of Patient Specific Dosimetry in the Development of New Agents · Phase I Studies: Essential to establish human pharmacokinetics and dosimetry for safety in preparation for clinical trials. Categories of Patient Specific Dosimetry Level 2: Extension of the database acquired through Level 1 by determination of additional anatomic and/or tissue distribution specific to the patient. To be used for minor adjustments to the standard anatomic models prior to calculation of radiation dose. Categories of Patient Specific Dosimetry Level 3 (and beyond): Definitive representation of the patient through 3-D techniques employing fusion of physiologic images with high resolution anatomic images.

Social domain: It reflected the satisfaction with personal relationships over the counter pain treatment for dogs order trihexyphenidyl 2 mg without prescription, sex life pain treatment centers ocala fl trihexyphenidyl 2 mg, as well as the support that people receive from friends and the local community. Environmental domain: this part investigated the level of quality of life with respect to environmental factors, such as the feeling of safety and quality of the environment of the individuals and accessibility of financial and information resources or health services. Thus, these facets of the quality of life domains were used for both parents of the study sample as well as the control group. Study design the present study was conducted in the Hiwa Oncology Hospital, the only hospital for hematology and oncology providing care for cancer patients both adults as well as children. The second set of the study was carried out at the Pediatric Teaching Hospital that was established in 1988 in Sulaymaniyah City/Kurdistan region of Iraq. This hospital includes emergency and medical units and provides health care for ill children, aged <15-years-old. Sampling of the study the sample consisted of 300 parents of children with several types of cancers in comparison with 300 control parents of children without cancer. The present cohort was selected among children with cancer in the Hiwa Oncology Hospital. Taking into account certain inclusion criteria including children undergoing chemotherapy, children diagnosed with different types of cancer and children registered in Hiwa Oncology Hospital are considered. Verbal consent was obtained from the parents of both cases and controls to confirm the voluntary participation in the study. Data collection the data were collected through a direct interview of the participants, including both samples parents of case and control groups, using a standardized questionnaire. Results and Discussion sociodemographic characteristics of mothers of both case and control groups. Next, the education level of the mothers ranged from illiterate to college graduate, the majority was primary school graduates (45. Approximately, 67% in the case group scored the socioeconomic status as insufficient, while 83% in the control group scored the same as sufficient. The majority of the participants in the case and control groups were aged between 33 and 45 years (65. The educational qualification in case and control groups was secondary school for most of the fathers, and the majority of the participants were non-governmental employees in both groups. The comparison between the mean score of general and four domains of the quality of life among the mothers in the case and control groups revealed that the mean score of the general, physical, psychological, social, and environmental domain was significantly higher among the control group (P<0. However, the mean score of the overall quality of life was significantly higher among the case group (87. The comparison between the mean score of general and four domains of the quality of life among fathers in the case and control groups revealed that the mean score of the general domain, physical, psychological, social, and environmental was significantly higher among control groups (P<0. Hence, although the mean score was higher among controls as compared to the cases, albeit non-significantly (P=0. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate how cancer affects the quality of life of parents. Day-by-day, the number of parents who have a child with cancer have in increasing, and thus, improving the health care for such children is essential. These families need to adapt to a new situation, realize the challenging condition and the imposing burden on all the family members. This research aimed to find out about the quality of parents of children with cancers with parents without cancers, namely from general, physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. The result shows that most parents of children with cancers there was a minimal difference between how parents from parents of a child without cancer are satisfied with their health. The study shows that the sense that living in with child having cancer or without cancer has satisfied of mother and fathers with their health. In this study determine that the quality of life of parents of children with cancers from the physical domain will be significantly poorer than those parents had a child with cancer. Therefore, we can state that parents with a child with cancer are less satisfied with their mobility, sleep, the sufficiency of energy and perceive a higher level of discomfort in physical area than parents of children without cancer. The obtained result shows that there is a significant difference between the level of quality of life of parents of a child with cancer and parents of a child without cancer. Hence, we can state that the participants from parents of children with cancers perceive life as meaning full and joy-full to a smaller extent compared to parents of a child without cancer. The results demonstrated that the quality of life of parents of children with cancers and without cancers from social domain approximately the same result found among two groups of parents and this no sign of the result.

Syndromes

• Urinalysis
• Had major surgery, a major injury, or internal bleeding within the past 3-4 weeks
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Nail abnormalities
• Arthritis -- narrowing of the joint space and loss of cartilage in the elbow
• Washing of the skin (irrigation) -- perhaps every few hours for several days
• Cri du chat syndrome
• Feeding problems

These also support the fact that nurses tend to find greater happiness in their 40s than in their 20s by helping others[15] treatment for pain associated with shingles buy generic trihexyphenidyl 2mg line. In terms of employment status pain medication for dying dogs generic trihexyphenidyl 2mg with amex, fulltime workers had a higher happiness index compared with two- and three-shift workers. This result supports the result of preceding studies[4,8] that full-time workers are more satisfied than part-time workers and that nurses are less satisfied with their job owing to stress from a three-shift routine. These results show the need for the development of a full-time employment system and environmental support for nurses to accumulate long-term clinical experience, ultimately to promote happiness in nurses. In this study, the happiness index was high in participants working at hospitals with a higher number of beds and those with higher work satisfaction and higher colleague satisfaction. In addition, we found a statistically significant negative correlation between happiness and stress. Therefore, the reasons for the high happiness index in the abovementioned participants can be understood from this study and previous research results[10,16] that showed a negative correlation between work stress and happiness. Moreover, a previous study[4] showed that an increase in happiness occurs when nurses perceive their work environment in a positive way. In other words, if the number of beds, work satisfaction, and colleague satisfaction are high, the nurse recognizes the working environment as positive and experiences a decrease in stress, which leads to greater happiness. Work satisfaction is an influencing factor according to previous studies that showed that happiness increases when a nurse perceives their work environment positively[4] and that a high level of autonomy, which affects work satisfaction, promotes happiness[8]. Considering the earlier results[17] that the happiness of people working in nursing colleges is affected by organizational factors, such as professional advancement, job characteristics, work environment, and welfare, rather than personal factors, happiness is particularly important for the nursing profession. Therefore, work satisfaction through improving the work environment needs to be considered as a priority in promoting the happiness of nurses. In this study, the happiness index was high among those who perceived themselves to be subjectively healthy; subjective health alone accounted for 24. This result supports a previous finding[18] that awareness of health has a statistically significant positive correlation with happiness. Therefore, improvement in subjective health is highly important in promoting the happiness of nurses. Conclusion this study was conducted to verify the effects of quality of life and stress factors on the happiness of nurses in general hospitals and thereby provide basic data for the development of a detailed interventional program designed to promote the happiness of general hospital nurses. The happiness of nurses can trigger positive emotions in patients and can be effective in the treatment of the latter. Therefore, there is a need to invest much effort in promoting the happiness of nurses. This work recommends a follow up study on various influencing factors on the happiness of nurses. We also suggest the development and application of a happiness promotion program to which such factors are applied. Ethical Clearance: Not required Source of Funding: this work was supported by a research grant of Pai Chai University in 2019. A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation. The relationship between job characteristics, job satisfaction, and intents to leave among hospital nurses. Factor influencing happiness in personnel working at Boromarajonani college nursing Bangkok Thailand [Internet]. Influence of fatigue, health perception, and happiness on health promoting behaviors among general hospital nurses. This study aimed to identify the findings of cancer screenings that were conducted in 2016 and 2017. Methods/Statistical analysis: Sample were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service, and the cancer screening findings among both people with disabilities and those without were compared. Gastric, breast, colon, liver, and cervical cancer were analyze the findings of the screening programs. The findings were categorized as benign, suspicious of malignancy, or other categories (depending on type of cancer). Descriptive statistics and the X2-test were used to analyze the findings among the groups. For liver cancer screenings, people with brain injury had the most findings that were suspicious of liver cancer in 2016 (p<. The non-disabled group had the highest incidence of carcinoma in situ among groups in 2016 (p<.

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